The Castle Review Essay Example

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Albert Camus and Suicide essays

Albert Camus and Suicide papers Humankind has consistently been interested with death and scrutinizing the ethical quality of passings. Savant Albert Camus is popular for his work with the self destruction part of death. Self destruction is a piece of society that numerous individuals might want to disregard since it is an awkward liable to depict. Through his works, Albert Camus took on ways of thinking of death, looking at self destruction without flinching. Rationalist Albert Camus was conceived on November 7, 1913 in Mondovi, Algeria. After a year, in 1914, his dad passed on during a World War I fight, leaving his about hard of hearing mother to deal with two children. This destitution struck hardship stays steady for the duration of Camus life, impacting his writing. In 1940, during wartime, Camus worked in Paris as a correspondent for Paris-Soir. It was as of now where he started composing three original copies that he called The Absurds. These three compositions are viewed as Camus best philosophical works. It incorporates The Stranger, The Myth of Sisyphus, and Caligula. The Myth of Sisyphus is an all around created short story, with Camus dismembering and refining the short story for a long time. The primary sentence shows the created substance of each sentence, There is just a single genuine philosophical issue, and that is self destruction (Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus). In the short story, Sisyphus challenges the divine beings by adoring life to an extreme. The divine beings locate the ideal torment for Sisyphus by sentencing him to push a substantial stone up at mountain. Nonetheless, as Sisyphus seeks after progress, the stone will consistently fold once more into its underlying state. Be that as it may, Sisyphus doesnt let this sadness enable him. He disposes of any hallucination that he will finish the undertaking. Thusly, he turns into a legend since he ingrains the capacity of suffering discipline. It is this steady battle up the mountain that qualifies Sisyphus for become a saint. Camus helps us to remember ...our silly opportunity and the decisions we make throughout everyday life, particularly when f... <!

List of Illustration Essay Topics

List of Illustration Essay TopicsIt is a good idea to have a list of illustration essay topics. These topics will make it easier for you to find an appropriate topic that you will love to write about, as well as to get the attention of your prospective teachers.There are two main categories of topic when it comes to list of illustration essay topics. The first is the academic topic. You could choose this one if you want to discuss some of the latest academic research or interesting facts. This one is perfect for those people who love to read and learn as much as they can!On the other hand, there are different topics that you can also list. One of these topics is the personal topic. This can be a topic on how you came to meet the person for whom you are writing the essay, or how you came to decide to meet her.The subject is another important thing that you have to consider. Usually, we tend to focus on the subject when we are thinking about a topic, but the real truth is that we have to include a bit of space to what interests us. So, if you really want to find a topic that you love, you need to think about all of your interests.After having a list of topic, it will be very easy for you to narrow down the list of topics that you are going to use for your essay. This is because the list of topics will give you the ideas that you can use to make your essay. If you write about an issue that interests you, chances are that you would love to write an essay that talks about that issue.You could also think about the subject that you would like to write about. For example, if you would like to talk about your experiences as a college student, then you should choose to talk about that in your essay.There are other topics that you could choose from, such as your career or your hobbies. All you have to do is put these topics into the topic box of your list of topics. This way, it will become easier for you to find out topics that you can use for your essay.

Dna Fingerprinting Is Not All The Title - 1533 Words

What if you knew your own body has the potential to send you to jail? You would probably be more careful when going out in public and would probably start overanalyzing every aspect of your everyday behavior. However, this question is not a matter of your physical body having the potential to send you to jail through your actions. It is a matter of biological aspects of your body and how they can reveal secretive information about you. You may have heard the phrase â€Å"No two fingerprints are alike†. During fetus development, stem cells settle into unique ridges and valleys that make up what we perceive as fingerprints. The chances of these stem cells settling in the exact same location and pattern is extremely rare. Thus, our fingerprints are unique. This uniqueness allows the government the ability to identify an individual based on their fingerprints. However, fingerprints are not the sole method of identification in a case of blame; DNA is the true suspect. A new and rapidly advancing technology of DNA fingerprinting is not all the title entitles it to be. Many individuals would assume that DNA fingerprinting is the situation in which criminals or convicted individuals have their fingerprints recorded to keep them on file. However, this is not the case. DNA fingerprinting is when DNA evidence is taken from a person and matched to the DNA found on the crime scene or other suspected location. DNA fingerprinting doesn’t concern actual fingerprinting at all. In fact,Show MoreRelatedDetermining Who Boy # 1 s Biological Parents Are With The Use Of Dna Fingerprinting1136 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: In Search of My Father Name: Anja Arbeithuber Group: Erin P, Brianna S, Caitlin B and Tiarne N Date: 09/09/14 Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine who boy #1’s biological parents are, with the use of DNA fingerprinting. Hypothesis: If DNA samples are collected from different mother and fathers, then it can be determined which DNA samples have common genes fragments. Background: Deoxyribonucleic acid, or in its’ simple form DNA, contains the code for all characteristics ofRead MoreThe Discovery In 1953 Of The Double Helix, The Twisted-Ladder1608 Words   |  7 Pagesdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within cells. In short order, their discovery yielded ground-breaking insights into the genetic code and protein synthesis. During the 1970s and 1980s, it helped to produce new and powerful scientific techniques, specifically recombinant DNA research, genetic engineeringRead MoreBio Quiz1397 Words   |  6 PagesView Attempt 3 of 4 Title: Quiz 2 Started: April 19, 2009 10:20 PM Submitted: April 19, 2009 10:25 PM Time spent: 00:04:03 Total score: 30/30 = 100% Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 30 1.    What term describes a harmless noncancerous or precancerous tumor?    Student Response Value A. malignant B. benign 100% C. metastatic D. lymphatic E. carcinogenic Score: 1/1    2.    What is the name of the process by which cancer cells break off of tumors and spread toRead MoreDNA Information System : The Use Of The Combined DNA Index System1966 Words   |  8 Pageshave a sample of DNA taken, and it gets entered into a national database to ensure a safer world. For some, the thought of having something so personal and unique to you in a national system is appalling, and for others, the thought of being able to find the perpetrator of a crime easily with the help of DNA is more important to them than having private information introduced into a database. Today, while not yet universal, DNA databases are used by multiple government departments. DNA is the materialRead MoreGenetic Research : Genetic Researcher1253 Words   |  6 Pagescentrifuge techniques, it will help me get exposed to the latest technology in application areas of electronics and computers. To be a genetic researcher, a candidate needs to have a good all-around education. Another needed quality is the ability to get on with others in a team. They need a sound moral sense—above all, a scientist has to be concerned with the truth, and has to be honest. They need the ability to love their subject of study/research and show individual initiative. They need a livelyRead MoreEssay on Criminology in the Future3348 Words   |  14 Pagesusually in â€Å"positions of authority† and hold the trust of their peers and clients. There are many forms of white collar crime. For example: bank fraud, embezzlement, insurance fraud, tax evasion, wire fraud, insider trading, and economic espionage. All of these crimes are a form of ethics violations. Merriam Webster defines ethic as â€Å"the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation†, â€Å"a set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values.† Many professionsRead MoreEvolution Of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis2644 Words   |  11 PagesAniruddha Acharya Term paper – BIOL 554 Spring 2015 Instructor – Dr. Don Ennis Due date – 4/27/2015 Title - Evolution of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Introduction Bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis a complex granulomatous disease which is a global health concern. It is a very slow growing bacteria, thus is extremely time consuming to culture in laboratory. It can survive the attack of the immune arsenal of our body; can successfully hide inside the macrophageRead MoreCeh Cheat Sheet3910 Words   |  16 PagesAscertain active machines What hosts are alive? 4. Open ports / access points How can they be accessed? 5. Detect operating systems What platform are they? 6. Uncover services on ports What software can be attacked? 7. Map the network Tie it all together, document, and form a strategy. Know the OSI model Application | 7 | Service protocols | Presentation | 6 | Data formats | Session | 5 | Authentication, Cryptographic agreements | Transport | 4 | Ports, logical service to serviceRead MoreHistory of Forensic Science6897 Words   |  28 Pagescontroversial public figure. Exacting in his methods, Orfila argued that arsenic in the soil around graves could be drawn in to the body and be mistaken for poisoning. He conducted many studies and insisted that testing of soil be part of the procedure in all exhumation cases. He was a prominent member of the Parisian social and intellectual elite, and a regular attendee (and host) of salons in the 1820s and 1830s. But his zealous activities as dean, his prolific writings on polarizing issues, and his ardentRead MoreLaunching a Digital Marketing Campaign to Build New Business5404 Words   |  22 Pageswhich they should do so†. With a limited budget, the main focus for this campaign will be on investing in controllable and targeted media with a lower cost-per-acquisition (Zed Media, cited in Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2012 p459 – 460). Integration: All communications used for the campaign must be coherent, consistent, show continuity and be complementary (Pickton and Broderick, 2001, cited in Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012 p466). For a more impactful campaign, the suggested digital marketing channels

Object Relations Theory A Theory Of Relationships

Object Relations Two Major Assumptions: Object relations theory is a theory of relationships between people particularly within a family believing that humans have a need to connect with others. More so, expressing a belief that we are driven to form relationships with others and that failure to do so successfully leads to later problems. This theory has deepened our understanding of humans and their relationships, as well as transformed social policies for example children are placed in foster homes instead of impersonal institutions. Proponents of the theory: This theory was developed by Melanie Klein, William Ronald Fairbairn, Anna Freud, Michael Balint, and Donald Winnincott. How individuals are viewed: Object Relations theory believes†¦show more content†¦Within the boundaries of the system, patterns develop as certain family member s behavior is caused by and causes other family member s behaviors which can lead to a balance or dysfunction in the family system. Proponents of the theory : Dr. Murray Bowen a psychiatrist introduced this theory. Developmental concept of the theory: The theory was formulated by using systems to integrate knowledge of the human species as a product of growth with knowledge from family research, with eight interlocking concepts. (Differentiation of the self, nuclear family emotional system, family projection process, triangles, multigenerational transmission process, emotional cutoff, sibling position, and societal emotional process) How individuals are viewed: This theory views individual as being shaped by the family dynamic, each member is expected to respond to each other in a certain way according to their role. How problems are viewed: Problems are the result of a member of the system not performing their role which may lead to dysfunction in the family system. How change takes place: Maintaining the same pattern of behaviors within a system may lead to balance in the family system, but also may cause dysfunction. For example, if a father is depressive and cannot pull himself together, the mother may need to take up more responsibilities to pick up the slack which changes the family dynamic. The change in roles may maintain theShow MoreRelatedAspects Of Object Relations Theory Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesto be examining all aspects of Object-Relations Theory. I am also going to be explaining the shortcomings of this theory. Presenting evidence that proves this theory to be strong and relevant to adolescent development into adulthood. Object Relations Theory is a theory that was developed from a therapist client relationship this theory examines the interpersonal relationships that you have and how they shape you into an adult thinker. (Scharff, D.E. 1992). This theory reflects the care that the motherRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Counseling1051 Words   |  5 PagesTheories in counseling gives future counselors the overall view of theories and why they are important. Theories serve as a guide for co unselors and give justification for treatment given. A lack of theory would make it hard for a counselor to connect with their client and know what methods to use for a specific client. Theories sets the tone of how a counselor can affect change in their client’s life. As a school counselor you would be dealing with children with different types personalities andRead MoreObject Relations Theory Is A Psychodynamic Theory759 Words   |  4 PagesObject Relations Theory Object relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that observes our capability to form long-lasting attachments, and is based on our early experiences of disconnection from and connections with out primary caregivers. We internalize our initial relationship examples, which means that our first relationships make lasting impressions on us, determining how we approach future relationships. Also, object relations theory studies how people form various attitudes towards othersRead MorePsychodynamic Theory1560 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic Theory Debate Janice Birdsong, Melissa Johnston, and Helene Torres Psy/405 November 10, 2014 Instructor Krasner Psychodynamic Theory Debate Jung and Klein, I think for the purpose of this debate we get a quick description of your theories. Klein, let us start with you. In my theory of object relation, we focus on the importance of the mother child relationship. My theory was built on my interpretations of childhood during the first four to six months where most children beginRead MoreApplication Of Attachment Theory On The Strange Situation846 Words   |  4 PagesApplication of Attachment Theory to Lars’ Relationships Attachment theory is based on John Bowlby’s belief that humans are inclined to connect with others affectionately and use these connections as a safe place in time of stress or trouble (Sable, 2008). These attachments are primarily formed at birth with the primary caregiver, but can Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, pioneers in the theory suggest that the theory continues throughout the lifespan. Ainsworth suggests in the â€Å"Strange situation† that thereRead MoreSocial Implications Of Psychoanalytic Theory Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe article â€Å"Some Social Implications of Psychoanalytic Theory: A Social Work Perspective,† Brian Rasmussen and Daniel Salhani, discuss social implications of psychoanalytic theory and suggest the importance of these theoretical ideas to social work practice. Furthermore, the subsequent questions and concerns which arise from the implications of the numerous avenues of the psychodynamic theory. They maintained constant themes th roughout this process, such as, understanding the importance of humanRead MoreArt Therapy Services For Children At Risk At The Hope Gardens Community Center1163 Words   |  5 Pagesto societal, environmental, and domestic stressors, and those stressors can give rise to children’s behavioral and psychological problems (Camilleri, 2007). In this paper, I will discuss a client’s case revolving around the Attachment theory and Object relations theory. Cindy (pseudonym) is an eight-year-old African-American female. She is in third grade and has attended the after-school program at HG. She was referred to art therapy by the after-school program teacher, due to her self-harm ideationRead MoreObject Relations Theory Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesOBJECT RELATIONS THEORIES AND SELF PSYCHOLOGY Object Relations and Self Psychology Object relations refers to interpersonal relations 2. Object refers to that which will satisfy a need. Significant person or thing that is target of anothers feelings (drives). 3. In combination with relations, object refers to interpersonal relations and suggests inner residues of past relations shaping present relations 4. Object relations theorists investigate the early formulation and differentiationRead MoreEssay Analysis of Norman Bates1170 Words   |  5 PagesThis is where we see Normans psychological issues begin to develop. As a teenage Norman, we also get to see more of Normans relationship with his mother. When Bates Motel begins, Norman seems to be a normal teenage boy, who is a bit of an introvert. He prefers school work and reading to going out and being social. He has an extremely close and often unhealthy relationship with his mother, Norma Bates. We know that later in life, Norman kills his mother and her boyfriend. He is jealous of sharingRead MorePsychological Theories, Freudian, Object Relational, And The Main Components Of Attachment And Object Relations Theory1660 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, the author will delineate the following developmental theories, Freudian, Object Relational, and the main components found in Attachment. The main theorists that will be addressed include, Sigmund Freud, John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth, and some work of Melanie Klein. The author will provide a detailed explanation on attachment and object relations theory and how it can be incorporated with a client who is suffering from Anorexia Nervosa and how the impact of development correlat es with

Patties Food Ltd free essay sample

A  leading manufacturer in Australia Industry: branded frozen food industry Major supplier and marketer of frozen savoury, dessert and fruit products. It has some iconic Australia brands in each of these product categories. the largest pie company in Australia Products: frozen savoury products: meat pies, sausage rolls, cheese and spinach rolls, pasties and quiches. Well-known frozen savoury brands: Herbert Adams, Four’N Twenty, Snowy River and Wedgewood. dessert products: fruit pies, waffles, crumbles and crepes. fruit products: frozen whole fruits (e. g. herries, strawberries, cranberries and raspberries) processed fruit products (e. g. fruit smoothies that are cubes of frozen concentrated fruit which can be added to milk by the consumer to create a drink). Well-known dessert and fruit product brands: Creative Gourmet, Nanna’s and Chef’s Pride. Growth History: a small cake shop in the Victorian country town of Lakes Entrance (origins back 50 years). then purchased in 1966 by the Rijs family extended into pies and bread rolls continued to grow (through acquisition product development) Subsequently refocused around frozen savoury, dessert fruit products Listed on the ASX in 2006. We will write a custom essay sample on Patties Food Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Stakeholders: 2 members of Rijs family involved as board members. Shareholders Customers: retailers (e. g. supermarkets) foodservice outlets (e. g. sporting venues or cafes). Not direct consumers. 2 main distribution: In-Home [retailers where products are bought for home consumption] Out-of-Home [foodservice outlets where products are bought ready for consumption]. lt; 1% sales coming from exports, despite moves to enter the US market with its Four’N Twenty products. Developed halal products in its Four’N Twenty range with the intention of growing sales in Asia. Its headquarters production facilities are in Bairnsdale, Victoria. A PFL’s strategic framework PhasesBuild the baseDevelop and growExpand and extend Outcomes†¢ Low costs †¢ High customer service levels †¢ Defend the core †¢ Category leadership†¢ New products †¢ Extra ranging †¢ Extra distribution †¢ More customers†¢ New channels †¢ New regions †¢ New categories †¢ New sub-business Executive leadership team focused effort on the ‘Build the Base’ phase of our strategic plan, relentless drive to build revenue reduce factory conversion costs Result: -improved trading Rebuilt market share in In-Home savoury category(important) Result: revenue increasing well over the category growth. Our strong relationships with the major supermarkets Result: enabled Patties’ brands to strengthen as market leaders. Strategic intent of increasing our mix of revenue towards foodservice other non-grocery channels [products sold through the Out-of-Home market]. Result: Out-of-Home revenue increased to another record level Sales management restructured with a new Head of Sales (Tim Peters ex Fonterra) joining the business. Investment in sales resources in all regions of Australia ensures we have a truly national representation. New products, across all channels Result: increased sales Exceptional technical expertise (due to well experienced Rijs Family) Result: enabled the new products to be launched with rapid entry to market New Four’N Twenty legendary Angus range developed and taken to commercialization stage during the year with the successful launch in June 2010. We expect this range to provide further growth in the near term. Increased marketing for the premium range of Herbert Adams savoury products. significant lift in sales in both In-Home and Out-of-Home channels achieved from the new TV commercial and consumer promotion celebrating Herbert Adams 100 years. Four’N Twenty brand increased exposure with the sponsorship of the AFL [national league] All Australian Football team. This initiative, and the successful tendering of a number of additional stadium supply rights, provided good growth in our core pie range and confirmed Four’N Twenty’s close connection with football in Australia. Patties Foods now has exclusive supply rights at most football stadia in Australia. Desserts business continues to grow with Nanna’s and Creative Gourmet brands retaining market leadership. lowered cost base and ensured the Creative Gourmet business can remain competitive in a very competitive market. (closed and relocated the frozen fruit packing operation from Silverwater NSW to Bairnsdale [in Victoria] in Feb. ) Manufacturing efficiencies are a critical driver of profitability. increased the economies of scale from the investment in production capacity during the year, further developed our team based continuous improvement projects. Thus conversion costs continued to improve A critical factor in our short and long term strategic plans: to maintain and build the high performance culture of the company. Introduced a comprehensive incentive scheme across the business this year. 340 people received monetary incentives based on specific targeted key performance indicators across the business. Balance sheet has been strengthened by the strong cash flow from both the improved trading and focused working capital management. This provides an excellent foundation for growth. Recent developments Patties Foods wins Reliance contract for BP sites won a $4. m+ contract to supply its products to the 200 BP branded sites in the Reliance Petroleum Group. The convenience stores will stock exclusively Four’N Twenty and Herbert Adams products. In announcing the contract, Reliance commented, ‘Patties have proven they are best positioned to build our Pie Sausage Roll business through strong marketing activity, excellent cost price and most importantly, a good pie! ’ Patties Foods Head of Sales, Tim Peters, says the contract win confirms Patties Foods’ market leadership in the Petrol and Convenience Channel. Creative Gourmet targets ‘Smoothie’ market Creative Gourmet’s innovative new range of Smoothie CubesTM proving a big hit with consumers. Launched in March with a national Television commercial featuring food presenter Maeve O’Meara, the new frozen Smoothie CubesTM are available at all leading supermarkets. Desserts Marketing Manager, Jane Westney, describes Smoothie CubesTM as a ‘game changer’, set to revolutionise how Australians enjoy breakfast and snack-time. ‘Smoothie CubesTM fruit-packed frozen cubes for making delicious Smoothies in a moment. a product innovation rated extremely highly in market testing. We’re confident they’re set to change the way Australians enjoy breakfast and snack-time’, Ms Westney said. The innovative Smoothie CubesTM come in 4 great flavours, Strawberry, Berry Antioxidant, Breakfast and Tropical. Look out for them in your local Supermarket. Four’N Twenty rules—Home and Away Four’N Twenty extended its national marketing push into northern States with a 5-year sponsorship agreement with the Sydney Swans [football team]. Patties Foods GM Marketing, Mark Connolly said: Four’N Twenty achieved instant popularity with Sydney fans since becoming the pie of choice served at the SCG [sports stadium] last year. ‘Sydney fans have really taken to Four’N Twenty at the footy and we’re delighted to be partnering with the Swans through this sponsorship—not only at the SCG, but by focusing on their positive community program.

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Essay Example

Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Paper Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Nemo Outdoor User Training Course Contents †¢ Nemo Outdoor introduction †¢ Installation of Nemo Outdoor †¢ Nemo Outdoor configuration †¢ Introduction to Graphical User Interface †¢ Features of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor Introduction Nemo Outdoorâ„ ¢ 5 currently supporting measurements on WiMAX, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE, TD-SCDMA, UMA, CDMA2000, 1xEV-DO, TETRA, cdmaOne, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, DVB-H and WCDMA networks. Nemo Outdoor’s powerful platform is expandable beyond current trends to those of the future, and all of this materializes on one single platform. With Nemo Outdoor you can perform not only drive testing but also QoS and benchmarking (Supporting up to 6 UE simultaneous connection) measurements. Nemo Outdoor’s flexibility further manifests itself in its open log file format which enables the customer to integrate in its optimization processes the use of not only the upscale Anite’s postprocessing tool Nemo Analyzeâ„ ¢, but also those of third-party vendors. Nemo Outdoor supports more than 120 test terminals and scanning receivers. (Eg: Nokia N96, N612x, Qualcomm based Handset and Datacard (Huawei E270, Sierra Wireless Aircard 880, Option Globetrotter HSPA etc) and Scanner (DTI Ex Scanner, Anritsu ML8720 etc)) Nemo Outdoor Highlights I We will write a custom essay sample on Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Data collecting all measurement data is recorded on the hard disk while measurements are carried out Real-time graphical presentation and mapping provide straightforward view of the measurement process Provides multiple measurement modes suitable for different purposes Instant Playback feature gives the opportunity to have a quick review of the measurement on the field after collecting data User-friendly menus follow the standard Windows ® Graphical User Interface + audio and bitmap notifications for user-selectable events. Nemo Outdoor Highlights II Nemo Handy binary files (. nbl) can be opened directly via Nemo Outdoor user interface. No need for separate conversion. Nemo File Manager application must be installed in the same computer. Applies only with the file format 2. 0 or higher Support for exporting data to MapInfo format Measurement list can be used without a script file Nemo Outdoor Highlights III Windows Vista/Windows 7 Support With the initial Nemo Outdoor 5 release some of the features are not supported with the Windows Vista operating system due to limitations in the operating system itself. The following parameters and features are not supported: (Please see Release Notes for more information. ) Nemo Outdoor Highlights IV †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ New voice quality parameters Support for WAP content description parameters MMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal SMS testing support for Qualcomm-based CDMA terminal Missing neighbor detection for CDMA Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EVDO scanner Support for sampling ratio configuration with PCTel EX scanners Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – Support for neighbor list decoding with scanners – Support for missing neighbor detection with scanner only Support for UMTS wideband AMR codec information (Nokia N96) Support for RLC DL block counts with GPRS/EDGE Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Support for BEP measurements with Qualcomm Support for longer audio sample files with USB-based voice quality MMS content location from MMS notification should be stored to the MSGA measurement event Ping rate configuration in milliseconds Installation of Nemo Outdoor †¢ Computer Requirements †¢ Nemo Outdoor Installation †¢ Mobile Driver Installation Computer Requirements PC (IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad or Dell recommended) with Windows ® XP Professional or Window s ® Vista Pentium III processor, minimum 1GHz, preferably 1. 7 GHz for single mobile measurements For multi data measurements Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 00GHz recommended For voice quality measurements with USB sound card Intel ® Core Duo processor T2500 2. 0GHz or higher required 512MB RAM minimum, 1GB RAM recommended 100 MB of free hard disk space for installation and use; 1 GB recommended One parallel port or USB port for copy protection module (if applicable) Depending on the mobile used, one USB port or one to two serial ports per mobile Depending on the scanner used, one USB port or one serial port per scanner One serial port for each voice quality audio module One RS232 serial port or USB port for an external GPS receiver Display resolution 1024 x 768 with 256 colors, 1280 x 1024 recommended Internet Explorer 4. 0 or higher for viewing the help file Nemo Outdoor Installation Before the installation: †¢ Check the hardware Nemo Outdoor compliant test mobile (provided by Anite Finland Ltd) Connection cables for single system or multisystem GPS receiver Nemo Outdoor copy protection module for parallel port, USB or Software Protection Check the installed software Programs creating Virtual COM ports or Infrared ports may cause problems (e. g. , Nokia Data Suite) Use the latest Operating System updates †¢ Nemo Outdoor Installation Installation: †¢ You need to have local Administrator rights to install Nemo Outdoor and its optional hardware drivers (e. g. , PCMCIA drivers) †¢ Check the latest versions of Nemo software from our web pages at (www. anite. om/nemo)* †¢ Install any optional PCMCIA cards if needed †¢ Install drivers for the USB to serial converter if needed (Edgeport) †¢ Install drivers for the test mobiles if applicable †¢ Run the Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor 5. exe file and follow the instructions *Need registration to Nemo User Club Nokia Drive r Installation After installing Nemo Outdoor, the driver for the connectivity cable needs to be installed, and the dial-up connection created. Do not connect the USB connectivity cable to your PC until the driver installation is complete. After your computer has restarted, connect the connectivity cable to the mobile and the other end to the computer’s USB port. Windows will detect the new hardware automatically and start the installation. The step is repeated several times until all new hardware is added. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Check the modem port numbers, as you will need this information later on. Instructions on how to make a dial-up connection, read the Dial-Up Networking Setup Guide. Nokia Driver Installation After the hardware is installed, go to Modems. Select one of the modems. Then select Properties/ Advanced. Type †atz† to the Extra Initialization Ccmmands field. By using the †atz† command,the QoS settings used by Nemo Outdoor will be used. You need to define this command at least for the modem that will be used with the dialup connection. Sierra AirCard Driver Installation The driver for the AirCard needs to be installed. After installation you should see several devices under communication devices depending on the test terminal connected Select Phone and TM7200 Compatible from the list. Click Next. †¢ In Phone Properties Window, set: Trace Port = Sierra Wireless DM Port, Modem, Port = Sierra Wireless AT Command Port, Dial-up connection = †¢ Click the OK button. Garmin Oregon 300 Driver Installation The driver for the Garmin Oregon 300 needs to be installed using Spanner software. After installation you should see the program pop up. Plug in the GPS and click on the Find GPS button Then configure the Virtual Serial Ports for used with Nemo Outdoor. Nemo Outdoor Configuration †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Configuring Nemo Outdoor Adding devices Phone properties Mobile Measurement properties Scanner properties GPS properties Workspace and Device configuration files Configuring Nemo Outdoor There are three ways to configure Nemo Outdoor: †¢ †¢ †¢ The Welcome page offers an easy start-up of the system An older user may want to use the Load Device Configuration dialog box It is also possible to configure Nemo Outdoor manually Configuring Nemo Outdoor through Welcome page The Nemo Outdoor Welcome page offers an easy way to configure the system for a first-time user, and also helps more advanced users to add new devices. With the Automatic device detection functionality in the Create New Device Configuration tool, you can automatically add devices to Nemo Outdoor without needing to manually set up the system. In the Open a Device Configuration tool you can select saved device The Load a Measurement tool enables you to open a configurations previously viewed measurement with the attached devices for playback Adding Mobile Device If you want to configure Nemo Outdoor manually, close the Welcome page or Load Device Configuration dialog box when you start Nemo Outdoor. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Connect all device components Check the settings of each port to which the component is connected Start Nemo Outdoor software Open: Configuration Manager, under Devices You can add ( ) and remove( ). Or select Measurement/ Add New Device All installed Handlers are listed here under Handler Information †¢ Phone Properties Phone Properties: The field at the top displays the device type and model. Below that field is a field displaying the current status of the device. The Label field allows you to give a label such as a comment or a name for the phone, and makes it easier to identify devices during measurement and post processing. Trace Port defines the port where the trace element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Modem Port defines the port where the data element of the mobile adapter cable is connected. Packet Switched Dial-Up Connection list box gives a list of all the dial-up connections that have been configured on your computer Mobile Measurement Properties – General Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. BTS File defines the base station file that will be displayed on the map. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog where you can enable and disable various measurement options. Mobile Measurement Properties – Configuration By clicking on the Measurement Properties button in the Phone Properties/Scanner Properties dialog you will enter the Configuration tab in the Measurement Properties dialog Voice Number defines the phone number to which voice calls will be made. Data Number defines the phone number to which data calls will be made. Video Number defines the phone number to which video calls will be made. PDP Context Properties/Packet Call Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Data Protocol Properties defines which data protocol is used to perform packet transfers. POC Testing Properties button opens the POC Session Properties dialog. SMS Testing Properties button opens the SMS Testing dialog. MMS Testing Properties button opens the PDP Context Settings dialog. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications The table displays a list of notifications that can be activated for the selected device. Select the notification from the list and select how you would like to be notified. Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications User-selectable call trigger points According to Nemo call events According to ETSI Selected option is used e. g. when running the script files Mobile Measurement Properties – Notifications To make user-configurable notifications: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Open the Notifications dialog (Configuration Manager, Notifications, click on properties) and click Add. In the Notification Criteria dialog, define the notification criteria and click OK. In the Notifications dialog, select the notification that you just created. Define sound and bitmap files for the notification and activate them by selecting the check boxes in the notifications table. Click OK to save the settings. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Script File is used to configure Nemo Outdoor to generate test calls according to a user-defined script. You can select an existing file or you can also create a new script file or edit the existing one by clicking the Edit button. Click the Script Editor button to access the Script Editor for editing and creating scripts. Mobile Measurement Properties – Script Editor The field in the middle shows a list of all the functions and parameters that will be executed during a measurement. You can choose any of the items in the list that opens when you click the Add button. The selected item will be added to the script. Modify can be used to edit an existing script. Repeat Script value defines how many times the script will be repeated during the measurements. The range of repeat script values is from 1 to 10,000. Save the file with the existing name or if the script is a new one, opens a dialog box for inserting the file name. Save As opens a dialog box for inserting a new file name. Close exits the dialog box. Scanning Measurements Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for frequency planning of an existing digital network, for example, for tuning and interference measurement purposes. Adding Scanner Device The Device information field displays the device type and model. In the Label field you can define a suitable label for the device. Port refers to the port to which the scanner is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. Antenna Gain and Cable Loss are antenna-related parameters and they are used in the conversion from dBm to dBuV/m by some radio network planning tools. CDMA Scanner Measurement Properties – General Support for new chip window searches with PCTel EV-DO scanner – Pilot window search †¢ Standard †¢ Very wide †¢ Wide Aggregate Ec/Io-Standard Window Search Mode: All Ec/Io values at or above the PN Threshold for a given PNoffset i. e pilot number (inside the search window selected) are summed and returned in the Aggregate Ec/Io field. Wide or Very Wide Window Search Mode: Measured in 64 chips size window centered around Peak Ec/Io with regard to user requested PN threshold Scanner Measurement Properties General †¢ Support for GSM SI and UMTS SIB message decoding with Anritsu and PcTel EX scanners – By selecting System Information decoding, L3 messages are written to log file – By selecting SIB decoding, SIB messages are written to log file – By selecting neighbor list decoding NLIST event is written to log file for both GSM and WCDMA – By selecting missing neighbor detection, missing neighbor information is written to log file (NMISS event). Missing neighbor information can be seen e. g. on table grid UMTS Scanner Measurement Properties General In UMTS systems, different parameters in the scanner dialog box will be activated when operating in frequency scanning mode (also known as CW mode) or in pilot scanning mode. Measurement Mode defines whether frequency scanning or pilot scanning is used. Network Name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Advanced button opens up the Advanced Properties dialog box. Channel Configuration button will open either the Channel Configuration dialog box or the Select Channels dialog box. Measurement Period defines the time in milliseconds for which the scanner measures and then reports the result. UMTS Channel Configuration Frequency Scanning Mode Nemo Outdoor Frequency Scan mode is designed for basic frequency domain monitoring or spectrum analysis. The scanning receiver can be used in variable bandwidth modes to check the existence of wanted or unwanted radio signals in the defined frequency band. By using this mode, all the user-selected carrier frequencies of the current wireless system and their field strength values can be observed. To add channels to the Selected list, click on a number in the Available list and then click the Add button or simply double-click a channel to add it to the Selected list. To remove channels from the Selected list, click on the channel you want to remove and then click the Remove button or double-click the channel. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Frequency Channels table provides a list of channels that have been selected for scanning. Scrambling Codes table provides a list of pilots for the selected channels that have been selected for scanning. TOP-N Mode check box enables/disables TOP-N pilot scanning. If enabled, scanner will report results from N best scrambling codes. To improve on the accuracy of radio propagation models, High Speed mode makes it possible to acquire more samples (max 32 pilots per channel), while High Dynamic mode offers fewer samples (max 16 pilots per channel) with a larger dynamic range. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Data processing method defines how the scanned data is processed by the scanner. In aggregate method, the sum of all peak pilot Ec/Io values above the PN threshold is calculated. If there are no peaks above the PN threshold, value -30 dB is returned for WCDMA. CPICH Ec/N0 threshold defines the power that is included to find delay spread. Number of fingers defines the maximum number of fingers used for RAKE in measurement. Rake threshold determines a valid path (in dB). Pilot sampling ratio option is available for WCDMA pilot scanning mode and for PCTEL EX scanners only. The available options are 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. With ratio 1:1 all samples (Pilotscan events) are logged, with ratio 1:2 every second sample is logged etc etc. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode Delay profile defines from which scrambling code or channel the delay profile is measured. Timeslot Scan checkbox enables or disables timeslot scanning. Delay Profile and Pilot Number define from which pilot the delay profile is measured. P-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the P-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. S-SCH defines if the selected scanner will measure the S-SCH Ec/N0 value for each pilot. Time of Arrival defines if the selected scanner will measure the time of arrival for each pilot. Delay Spread Measurement defines if the selected scanner will also measure the delay spread value (in chips) for each scanned pilot. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode SIR (signal to interference ratio) defines if the selected scanner will measure the SIR value for each pilot. Finger check box enables and disables Finger measurements. SIB decoding option is available for Anritsu and PCTEL EX scanners. When the Neighbor list decoding option is selected, the NLIST (neighbor list) event is written in the log file. When the Missing neighbor detection option is selected, the missing neighbor information event (NMISS) is written in the log file. Uplink interference check box enables and disables uplink interference decoding for the scanner. Available for scanners that support BCH demodulation. UMTS Channel Configuration Pilot Scanning Mode In the TOP-N Search Configuration page you can limit the search performed by the scanner and consequently speed up the search. (Note that the PCTEL EX WCDMA scanner only supports the TOP-N mode. You can select up to 32 pilots for scanning. ) Group specifies the group number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 63. Cell specifies the cell number for the primary scrambling code in the range of 0 to 7. Secondary code specifies the secondary scrambling code. Limit range should be set from 0 to 0. Channelization code specifies the channelization code. Search method defines how the search is performed. P-CPICH (primary common pilot channel) searches with P-CPICH. SCH performs a three-step search with P-SCH and S-SCH. GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Network name field can be used for stating the friendly name for the network (operator) that Nemo Outdoor is measuring. Channel style defines the style of the measured channel. For GSM the options are 200 kHz and 30 kHz narrow. Channel configuration is to access the dialog box where you select the channels that will be scanned. Sample size defines the number of samples taken from each channel before a measurement result is written to file. BSIC decoding check box should be selected to display BSIC value in the Frequency Scanner window. BSIC threshold defines the minimum BSIC level that the scanner reports. BCCH C/I check box activates C/I measurements for the BCCH channel. (This option is available with the PcTel GSM scanner only. ) GSM Scanner Measurement Properties General Cell information decoding. Mobile Network Code, Mobile Country Code and Cell ID information can be decoded from BCCH messages. (Note that this is only enabled in online mode and if the option has been purchased with the scanner. ) When the System information decoding option is selected, L3 messages are written in the log file. Data mode defines the type of measurement data computed from each sample. Note that the available selection depends on the scanner type. RX Level Average: the data reported is the average RX level, in dB, of the number of samples. ) Adding GPS Device In the Label field you can define a label for the GPS device, for example, a name or a usage purpose, making it easier to identify devices during measurement and post proces sing. Serial Port refers to the port to which the GPS receiver is connected. Baud Rate refers to the communication speed. The available values are 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Data Bits, Parity, and Stop Bits are communication-related parameters. (These values should be set as the same in your GPS. Check your GPS receiver documentation. ) Workspace and Device Configuration Files All settings change to Devices and Workspace can be saved and reuse. With the settings saved, you do not need to reconfigure the Measurement devices the next time Nemo Outdoor is started up. The Devices settings is saved as . hwcx The Workspace settings is saved as . worx Introduction to the Graphical User Interface †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Main window Device information window Output, Script and Status Bar Toolbar Graphs Grids User Interface properties Custom window Maps Main Window The windows in Nemo Outdoor are highly user configurable. Different network parameters and events can be viewed as line graphs, bars, and dots. To make the measuring process easier for first-time users, Nemo Outdoor offers some ready-made custom windows that include some essential windows for specific types of measuring. The users are also able to make their own custom windows and save them for later use. The Output, Device Info, and Script Status windows can be hidden automatically so that they only slide out in view when you move the mouse cursor on top of the tab labelling the hidden window. Device information window The Devices information window displays some device-specific information. The field at the top of the window displays the device status. The green light at the upper right corner is blinking whenever the device is active and connected. The Expand Device Info Window button displays/hides the window. The Notification button displays the notification properties. The Device Command button control how the UE response. The Device Setting button let you change all the settings for the device. Output, Script and Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the Nemo Outdoor window gives you variable information depending on the operations you are performing. There is also a time slider which you can use to jump into certain points in the measurement. The Output window displays program messages and textual notifications. Icons next to the timestamps clarify the type of message or notification in question. From the Script Status window you can follow the progress of the script file used in the current measurement. Toolbar The buttons on the Toolbar is a shortcut for quick access to common functions for use in Nemo Outdoor Graphs Grids There are two types of graphs: line and bar. There are some premade custom windows of each graph type that offer easy access to relevant network parameters. Support for numeric data labels in the bar graph Graphs Grids There are three types of grids: Events, Parameters and Table. The grid tables offer you useful information about measurement events, such as statistics from the current measurement, QoS parameters, and Layer messages (the selection depends on the technology measured). Graphs Grids Within the grid tables, there is a filter function that help user to quick search relevant information within the messages. Graphs Grids To make grids more clear, you can colorize certain events in a grid based on the event name or event ID. Right-click on a grid, and select Configure Colors from the popup menu. If you want to colorize the background, select Call events (Event name) in the Background Color Set field and select (none) in the Text Color Set field. Alternatively, if you want to colorize only the text in the grid, select Call Events (Event name) in the Text Color Set field from the drop-down menu and select (none) in the Background Color Set field. (Note that the contents of the Grid Color Configuration dialog box depend on which columns have been selected in the Grid Properties dialog box. ) Graphs Grids The User Parameters function allows you to specify parameters from layer messages that will be automatically decoded and the values displayed in the Device Info window or in graphs. Click the User Parameters button in the Grid Properties dialog to access the User Parameters dialog. Graphs Grids Within the Message event, you are also able to export selective messages to text file either by their header or the decoded messages text. Decoded text Text User Interface Properties The user interface (UI) of Nemo Outdoor is very flexible so that you can configure the windows and graphs to serve your needs. User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ †¢ Data window area (red) Parameters can be dragged and dropped to data windows Control window areas (blue) Data and control windows cannot be mixed. For example, the Parameter tree window cannot be added to the data window area †¢ †¢ User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ †¢ Windows can be moved/ adjusted by dragging and dropping Control windows can be also moved and adjusted User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ Control windows can be also moved and adjusted. Both parameter and device info windows are shown in the same window In the example parameter tree and device info window are merged and view can be changed by clicking tab buttons †¢ User Interface Graphs †¢ Graphs Filled area graph type Support for horizontal bar graphs Automatic default zoom for bar graph windows Notifications for 2G/3G cell re-selections Parameters can be dragged and dropped to data windows from parameter tree Any parameter can be shown on graph view e. g. RRC state †¢ †¢ User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ Grids Parameters can be dragged and dropped to data windows from parameter tree Color sets can be used to color columns Same column can be assigned for several parameters By default event name and time stamp is shown User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ Grids Event can be decoded by double-clicking the event and opened in the own window Decoded window can be also dragged and dropped inside data window area User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ Grids Parameter-based event filtering in event and message grid windows Example. Only those Packet Timeslot reconfigure messages are shown having MCS-9 coding User Interface Properties Workbook †¢ The following settings can be exported/ imported: Call scripts Color sets (e. g. Between Nemo Analyze/ Nemo Outdoor) Custom views (custom windows) Device configuration (Note: port settings can be different between computers) Notifications Workspaces User Interface Properties General Buffer Size specifies the number of events stored in the history buffer of the user interface. Save workspace settings on exit option defines whether the workspace settings are saved when you exit the SW. Start recording automatically check box enables Nemo Outdoor to start recording automatically at startup. Show report check box should be selected to display a summary of all test calls after the measurement is ended. Show Pause dialog check box should be selected to display a message when the measurement has been paused. Show a dialog for critical errors check box should be selected to display a message box when there is a problem. Open Script Status window check box should be selected to automatically open the Script Status window when used in measurements. Play audio quality samples check box should be selected to play the audio samples used in audio quality measurements. When the Show welcome window item is selected, the Welcome to Nemo Outdoor window is displayed. Show ‘Stop Recording Query’ dialog item selected, a dialog box will appears at the end of the measurement. User Interface Properties – Measurement Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S (year-month-day hours-minutesseconds. With Start scripts automatically option, you can order Nemo Outdoor to start executing the script file when you click the Start Recording button in the main window. Force idle mode when stopping scripts option forces the measurement mobile to return to idle mode if the script is interrupted. Stop measurement after script is finished option forces Nemo Outdoor to stop recording after the script is finished. Use time from GPS option orders Nemo Outdoor to use GPS time at the start of the measurement. Wait for GPS fix before starting measurement option forces Nemo Outdoor to start measuring only after there is a GPS fix. Redial after dropped call option enables Nemo Outdoor to make a new call if a call is dropped during measurements. Remove all forcing functions when device is started option deactivates all forcing functions from the device when the device is started. User Interface Properties Paths In the Paths tab you can define locations for different files. In the picture above, you can see the default values. To change the default paths, click on the †¦ button and browse for a new location. User Interface Properties Presentation In the Presentation tab you can define the format in which various parameter values are presented. User Interface Properties Color In the Colors page you can define colors used for devices, graph lines, and map routes. The first eight colors are reserved for devices. The other colors are used to draw graph lines and map routes. To make new palettes, click the New button, type a name for the new palette, and define all the colors. To change the palette, select a palette from the Color palette list. Custom Windows The custom windows are grouped under the corresponding graph and grid types. You can also browse for the existing custom windows through the Open Custom Window dialog box. You can also save your own custom windows. When you have set up a graph view that you would like to use later on, activate the window that you would like to save and select Data | Save as Custom Window. Maps If you have a GPS receiver connected to the test system, the current location of the test vehicle will be displayed on the map. You can observe the values of certain network parameters from the route coloring on the map. You can define which color refers to which parameter value. This way it is easy to spot the problem areas on a map. Maps User Interface I †¢ Possibility to measure distance between multiple points with measurement distance tool in map. Total distance shown Possible to draw circle †¢ †¢ Support for displaying any textual parameters with route line in Map window Maps User Interface II †¢ Support for drawing lines to missing neighbor cells in the Map window – Line thickness and color can be selected by user Support for exporting/importing route plans Route plan waypoints should be connected with an arrow instead of a line to indicate correct driving direction Support for cell range information in the BTS file †¢ †¢ †¢ Maps – User interface III †¢ †¢ †¢ Support for TAB-separated BTS files Support for device labels in the map window route lines Indoor map window have layer and color legend panes Maps – BTS I With BTS file support, you will be able to import Nemo BTS File onto Nemo Outdoor and show it direct to the Map. Nemo Outdoor can also link up the active and monitored cells via line drawn to the BTS displayed In the Layer view in the map side panel, click on Add BTS File, or right-click on the measurement layer and select Add BTS File. Right-click on the measurement layer in the map side panel again, and select Properties | Base stations. Select the Draw line to active base station, and Draw line(s) to neighbor cell(s) check boxes. Maps – BTS II †¢ Support for BTS icon coloring with color set †¢ Cell search in map window based on BTS parameters †¢ Color set for RRC State †¢ Support for Google earth maps. The following information can be exported: Route with certain parameter Notifications Cell site information Maps – MapX properties These settings can be saved in a MapInfo Geoset file by clicking the Save Map button in the Map window. To later open the . gst file, click the Open Map button, select MapInfo Geoset file in the Files of Type listbox, and select a file from the list. If you are using MapInfo ® maps, you can define the appearance of the map even further by clicking the MapX Properties button in the Map Configuration dialog box. In the Layers tab the table shows a list of the current layers. Maps – Color set Editor You can access the Color Set Editor by clicking the Edit Color Set button in the Route Properties | Color dialog. With the Color Set Editor you can define and name color sets to be used in maps and grids. In the Color Set Editor dialog you will see a list of all existing color sets. You can sort the color sets by selecting the type (Type field). You can also search for a color set by its name (Name field). To edit an existing color set, double-click on the color set. Maps Exporting data to MapInfo format †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ User can drag and drop parameters from parameters tree to event window After selecting all parameters conversion can be started from menu Save/ Mapinfo tab file User can highlight all events or only specific events Different symbols can be selected for each parameter Nemo Outdoor generates . DAT, . ID, . MAP and . TAB files Files can be opened with MapInfo application Indoor files are not supported at the moment Exporting supported with single file at the moment Maps – Google Map Support It is possible to export a map with measurement route, colors based on selected parameter, notifications, and base station information to Google Earth . kml file. (The Google Earth application needs to be installed for viewing the file. ) Click on the Export to Google Earth toolbar button in the map window. Maps – Indoor Nemo Outdoor has an indoor measurement option in which case Nemo Outdoor can be installed on a Tablet PC. Alternatively normal laptop can be used as well. As GPS receivers cannot be used indoors, the indoor option offers a marker function to store location data. Just click markers along the measurement route and the route will be drawn on the map. You can use floorplans as maps. Maps – Indoor Open a floorplan by selecting Data | Indoor | New and click the Open Map button. To view a route on the floorplan you must have a marker file (. mrk) attached to the measurement file (. nmf). To move the markers on the map, select a marker in the Markers | Index field, click on Move and select a new destination for the marker. Maps – Indoor You can import your own bitmap files to Nemo Outdoor and use them as maps. Click the Import Map button in the map toolbar or select Import Map from the popup menu. The Map Import Parameters dialog box is opened. In order for the map and route drawing to function correctly, you must define some map settings. Either define the dimensions in meters of the area visible on the map or define the GPS coordinates of the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the map area. Features of Nemo Outdoor †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Manual / Automated mode Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock Band Lock Cell Barring Timeslot Testing Missing Neighbor Detection Measurement list Data Measurement SMS/MMS Measurement Log File PlayBack Manual / Automated mode Manual mode is based on the user establishing a data transfer connection or making voice calls. This mode is useful, when user wants to make a single continuous data transfer session or a voice call to monitor the resource allocation and cell reselection performance. This mode requires the user to control phones with Nemo Outdoor. The user can also use the mobile keyboard to establish voice calls or data calls. In automated mode Script files can be used to automate testing. The Script file specifies how the phone will establish data connections or make phone calls, for example, the phone number to call, call duration, number of repetitions, and the delay between calls. The Script editor is used to generate the scripts. Manual Mode Under Manual Mode, you can control the functions of the UE by way of the Device command under the Device info panel. Under the Device Commands button, you will find the menu. The commands will be activated depending on the type of test mobile you are using. If your test mobile supports only voice calls, then only the first item is activated. Automated mode Under the Script item you will find premade scripts and user-defined scripts. Scripts can be used to perform measurements automatically instead of erforming manual calls or data transfers. Double-click any of the scripts under the Scripts item to open the Script Editor dialog box. In order to select a script file to be used in a measurement, click the Device Settings button in the Device View window and select Script Properties. Automated mode – Synchronize Script Repeat Useful with multi configurations e. g. when benchmarking different networks. Option can be selected from Configuration Manager/ Measurement. All mobiles start new data transfer or voice call always simultaneously. Number of data transfers attempts or call attempts etc. are equal - statistics results are easy to compare. Automated mode – Without Synchronize Script Repeat Without script Repeat Synchronized, all mobiles will start new data transfer or voice call after the failure. Automated mode – Time-based loop wait commands †¢ †¢ Support for time-based loop and wait commands in the scripts Loops can be repeated until user defined time or wait till certain time Channel Lock/ Scr. Code Lock You can lock GSM and UMTS test mobiles to a channel and/or scrambling code during the measurement process. Note that even though you are locking the mobile to a certain channel in idle mode, you are actually locking the mobile only to the base station supporting that channel at that moment if you make a call. As the base station can carry several channels simultaneously, the connection can be established or handed over to another channel but not to another base station. In other words, the channel used cannot be totally controlled by the mobile as the system will assign the channel. Band Lock You can use band locking if you want to compare how the network functions with different bands and systems. Using the Band Locking dialog box, you can force the mobile to use only one band or system at a time. You can open the Band Locking dialog box by clicking the Device Settings button and choosing Band Lock from the menu. Cell Barring With the Nemo Outdoor measurement mobiles you can also access barred cells. During the measurement you can select if you wish to access only those cells that are accessible to all end users (Accept), all cells; that is, also cells that are barred (Ignore), and only barred cells (Reverse). The Cell Barring dialog box is accessed by clicking the Device Settings button in the Device Info window of the appropriate mobile and selecting Cell Barring. You can also select Measurement | | Cell Barring. Time Slot Testing With Nemo Outdoor it is possible to test the time slots of any particular channel. After the test has been completed, Nemo Outdoor generates a . tst file with the test results in the Nemo ToolsNemo Outdoor folder. Select Measurement | | Timeslot Testing and the Timeslot Test Configuration dialog box is opened. Phone Number defines the test call number. This must be a valid number. Run Test Until Completed option keeps the test running until all the timeslots have been tested. (Note that if you select the Run Test Until Completed option, the test may continue indefinitely. Click the Stop Testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. ) In the Channel Settings | BCCH channel you define the Channel (BCCH) that you want to test. Timeslots used by BCCH refers to the timeslots that are used for system messaging and therefore cannot be accessed with mobiles. Time Slot Testing On the Test results page you can view the progress of the test. Selecting timeslots will exclude them from the test. Green color indicates channels and their timeslots that have been called, and the number in the slot the number of calls made in that timeslot. In the table you can see a list of all the TCHs of the selected channel and their timeslots. There is a yellow frame around the timeslot that was accessed during the previous call. Those white timeslots that were not tested will turn red. This happens, for example, if the user stops the testing. The Number of Call Attempts field tells how many calls have been made so far. Click the Stop testing button to interrupt the timeslot test. Cell Test Feature for GSM/UMTS †¢ Also called †sleeping cell detection†. UE is automatically locked to neighboring cells and the test call is made. Useful also in high traffic areas as surrounding cells can be tested from one location Test cases: Voice call, packet call or both Adjustable RX level and Ec/N0 thresholds Results can be stored in a file Test results seen also in the UI †¢ †¢ C/I values for Hopping channels †¢ †¢ Support for C/I and RX level values per GSM hopping channel with Qualcomm Support for C/I value per GPRS timeslot with Qualcomm Missing Neighbor Detection With Nemo Outdoor you can perform real-time missing neighbor detection. For this you will need a GSM/UMTS scanner or a GSM/UMTS scanner and a GSM/UMTS mobile. If you are performing missing neighbor detection with a scanner only, the scanner needs either of the following options enabled: GSM Layer 3 or GSM/WCDMA decoding. ) A scanner scans all possible pilots whereas a mobile scans only channels that are on its neighbor list. Nemo Outdoor compares these two measur ements and, based on the data, reports the neighbor channels that are seen by the scanner but are not in the mobiles neighbor list. From Measurement | , select Missing Neighbor to open the following dialog box. The field displays the scanner(s) used. Click Enable to start the missing neighbor detection. Scanning and HO Forcing Functions †¢ GSM scanning ARFCN BSIC RX level WCDMA scanning (pilot) UARFCN Scrambling code CPICH Ec/N0 CPICH RSCP I †¢ †¢ Frequency Scanning Sample Rates WCDMA scanning: 2100 band, 4 carriers ~16 sec. (max 240 ms / detected cell) GSM scanning: 900+1800 band, all channels 4min 30 sec (with BSIC detection), 29 sec (without BSIC detection) Suitable for stationary or low velocity scanning †¢ Scanning and HO Forcing Functions †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ HO forcing 2G- 2G, 3G- 3G BCCH/ ARFCN must be defined UARFCN and Scr. Code must be defined II UE makes single HO to specified cell, returns back to the original cell Measurement list Measurement lists enable you to run automated measurements with several devices combining multiple scripts. You can use measurement lists with just one device to run several scripts one after another. Each measurement is recorded in a separate file. You can also use measurement lists in idle mode. Scheduled measurements displays a list of measurements that will be run when the measurement list is started. More Filename defines the filename format. The default format is %y%b%d %H%M%S Measurement completion defines when the measurement list is finished. More Devices table displays a list of devices connected to Nemo Outdoor. Script file defines the script file used in the measurement. Click the Script Editor button to edit the selected script. Properties opens the Measurement Properties Script dialog. Data Measurements With mobiles supporting CS and PS data you can make data transfers. In Nemo Outdoor, you have several options for making data transfers: you can use the FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP, WAP, Streaming, ICMP Ping or Iperf (TCP/UDP). The Nemo Outdoor Multi device enables multiple simultaneous data connections. Each data transfer needs to be set up and configured individually. Data Measurements – FTP †¢ Nemo Outdoor has an integrated FTP client, which can be used to measure data transfer rates between Nemo Outdoor and the FTP server. The server can be any standard FTP server. Current data throughput and transferred data size are reported during transfer. The FTP module supports firewall-friendly passive mode transfers. Normally when a data transfer is initialized, the server opens a new connection to the client and then data is transferred through this connection. Some firewalls may be configured to refuse any incoming connection requests, and in that case the data transfer would fail. With passive mode, the client always opens those new connections so the firewall does not block the connection. †¢ †¢ †¢ Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) I Possible to run multiple data transfers simultaneously with one device (within one PDP context). E. g. imultaneous DL/ UL or several DL data transfers Multiple simultaneously data testing can be done using script files Status of each data transfer is seen during measurement and playback Data Measurements – FTP (Support for Multiple Simultaneous Data Transfers with one Device) II Application rate is reported separa tely for each transfers including data transfer context ID RLC rate and PPP rate gives over all information on the total throughput over the network Data Measurements – HTTP The HTTP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the HTTP protocol. Data Measurements POP3/SMTP POP3 and SMTP testing offers the possibility to send emails through Nemo Outdoor and to monitor how the message is transferred. POP3 protocol is used for receiving emails and SMTP protocol for sending emails. Data Measurements – WAP The WAP testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the WAP protocol. Data Measurements – Streaming Quality The Streaming testing functionality offers the possibility to test how data is transferred through the streaming. To make video streaming quality measurements, IP packet capturing must be enabled. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping I The ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Ping functionality allows you to perform ping measurements simultaneously with data transfers. Data Measurements – ICMP Ping II †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Ping rate configuration in milliseconds instead of seconds Delay between request: Protocol always waits reply before sending new request. If delay is less than ping delay new request is sent immediately after reply Delay from reply to request: New ping is sent after reply is received Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 1 s. New request is sent every 1. 1s (100ms + 1000ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 1000ms Example: RTT time is 100ms and â€Å"delay from reply to request† is set to 50ms. New request is sent every 150ms (100ms + 50ms). If â€Å"delay between request† is selected new request is sent every 100ms because protocol always wait reply before sending new request †¢ Data Measurements – Iperf (TCP/UDP) Iperf is a commonly used network testing tool that can create TCP and UDP data streams and measure the throughput of a network that is carrying them. SMS Measurements SMS testing allows you to monitor how text messages are transferred in the network. Open the SMS Testing dialog box by clicking the SMS Testing Properties button in the Measurement Properties, Configuration tab (Measurement | | Measurement Properties | Configuration tab). You can view from a grid window if the test message was delivered successfully. Open an event grid (Data | Events Grid | New). Open the Grid Properties dialog box (right-click on the grid and select Properties from the popup menu). Clear all selections and expand the GSM item. Clear all selections and select the Short Message Service item and click OK. The grid will now display only the selected SMS testing-related events. MMS Measurements MMS testing allows you to monitor how multimedia messages are transferred in the network. In addition to successfully sent/received MMS messages, also sending/receiving attempts and sending/receiving failures are recorded enabling statistical success rate calculations. Nemo Outdoor measures total MMS sending delay. Also separate delays from Attach, PDP context activation, logging to MMSC, and message sending/receiving are recorded. In order to be able to make MMS measurements, you will need to define some MMS-related settings in the PDP Context Settings dialog box. New Voice Quality Parameters I †¢ New Voice quality parameters – Audio quality speech activity – Audio quality mean delay – Audio quality min delay – Audio quality max delay – Audio quality standard deviation delay – Audio quality SNR – Audio quality insertion gain – Audio quality noise gain All parameters values are calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) or difference between reference and degraded sample files †¢ New Voice Quality Parameters II †¢ Audio quality speech activity – Speech activity ratio of received sample in percentages (%) – P. 862 states that the speech activity in a test signal reference and degraded to be used with PESQ should be between 40% and 80%. A low speech activity could cause the PESQ score to be inaccurate. Although the typical speech activity for a test signal can vary depending on the language used in the signal †¢ Activity ratio ; 85% -; backround noise etc. Activity ratio ; 35% -; silent call or lost audio information – Muting of a signal typically occurs when an error concealment algorithm at a receiver has insufficient information to replace missing or corrupted data audio quality mean delay New Voice Quality Parameters III †¢ Delays measurements – Frame-by-frame delay is the delay measure used in calculating the PESQ quality score. Utterances are broken up into frames of 32 ms duration. Frames use a window function that gives greater weight to the central 16ms of each frame, and there is an overlap between successive frames of 50%. Effectively, therefore, each frame is 16ms long; this can be thought of as â€Å"sampling† the values every 16ms. PESQ calculates the delay in each frame, based on the nearest utterance. Because it models the processing used in PESQ, the frame-by-frame delay is the best way of tracking how delay varies during the signal. Delay changes are most likely to be caused by jitter (unwanted variation) buffer adaptation in VoIP telephony edge devices. This adaptations occur when there is a large change in the jitter on an IP network. As jitter on the VoIP network increases, the delay measured by PESQ Tools will typically increase as the jitter buffer grows in size. As the jitter decreases, the delay measured will typically decrease as the jitter buffer decreases in size. Figure 6 plots the frameby-frame delay for the same condition as shown in Figure 13. – Average values calculated over the length of the input files (received sample file) New Voice Quality Parameters IV †¢ †¢ †¢ Audio quality min delay – Min delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality max delay – Max delay of received audio sample in milliseconds Audio quality standard deviation delay – Standard deviation of delay of received audio sample in milliseconds – Typical values in range 0 to 0. 1 (0 to 100ms) (for a VoIP system with very bad jitter), but values can be larger New Voice Quality Parameters V †¢ Audio quality SNR – Audio quality Signal to Noise ratio of received sample – SNR measures the speech stream’s signal strength relative to background noise. (The relative loudness of speech to noise). The higher the signal to noise ratio, the better the possible listening quality. SNR is measured in decibels (dB). An SNR value of 20 dB can begin to impair conversational quality – Typical value 45dB. Range from 10 to 60dB – Value is shown as n/a with 4s sample -; requires longer sample file New Voice Quality Parameters VI †¢ Audio quality insertion gain – Gain calculated for active signal in active periods. dB difference between active signal of reference and degraded signals. (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) – Typical value 0 (digital), -12 (analog) Audio quality noise gain – Gain calculated for noise in silent periods. B difference between mean noise level of reference and degraded signals (Calculated as of degraded minus of reference signal) Insertion / noise gain (dB) has typical range –20 dB to 20dB Typical value is –6dB †¢ †¢ †¢ New Video Streaming Quality Parameters I Available paramete rs: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Video codec Video frame rate Video protocol Video quality degradation due to compression Video quality MOS Video quality MOS degradatation Video quality jitter Video quality packet error rate Video quality degradation due to packet errors Video quality type Video preview can be seen during the measurement Video Streaming Quality KPI Definitions †¢ †¢ †¢ Video codec: Displays the video codec used in the container format. Usually this is H. 263, H. 263+, H. 64 (MPEG4 Part 10) or MPEG4 Visual (MPEG4 Part 2) when streaming mobile content Video frame rate: Shows how many picture frames are being displayed within one second. The result is equivalent to FPS (frames per second), which is usually around 10 with mobile content. For example, when viewing a normal DVD, the FPS is 23. 976 with NTSC and 25 with PAL Video protocol: Shows which protocol is used to transfer the file through a n etwork. This version of PVI is calibrated with RealPlayer and supports mostly RTP (Real Time Protocol). RDT streams can be playbacked, but diagnostics are not available. Streams with RDT protocol are displayed as Unknown/Not supported Video quality type: Type of video quality measurement used. With video streaming, this should always be Psytechnics PVI streaming qualityâ€Å" Video quality MOS: Video quality is measured passively from media streams carried over packet-based networks. Things that affect quality are delay variations, packet losses and other distortions which may be visible in the video. Also factors like the video codec itself are included in the final result. However, end-to-end and round-trip delays are not taken into account. Video quality is normally displayed as MOS (Mean Opinion Score), which is expressed as a single number. The range varies from 1 to 5, where 1 is poor/annoying quality and 5 is perfect. Usually MOS value does not reach value 5, but somewhere around 3-4 as the maximum Video quality jitter: Jitter is the delay variation of the streaming process. It shows the delay of received UDP datagrams that holds the video data. If the delay is too large, video will not play seamlessly Video quality packet error rate: Displays the rate of lost packets between the last and the current request. UDP protocol does not require that all packets have arrived to the client. That is why some packets might lost during the transfer, because of bad network or long delay variations (jitter) Video quality MOS degradation: This is the current video quality difference compared to a perfect network Video quality degradation due to packet errors: The current proportion of current quality degradation that is due to packet loss. Shows how much packet loss has affected to the current quality loss Video quality degradation due to compression: Proportion of current quality degradation that is due to video compression. Shows how much video compression has affected to the current quality loss †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Ending Measurements The measurement is being recorded when a REC text appears in the upper right corner of the main window. Follow these instructions to stop the measurement. If you are using a script to perform the measurement, you can either wait until the script file has been executed or interrupt the script either by selecting Measurement | Stop Script or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. If you are performing measurements manually, the measurement process is terminated either by selecting Measurement | Stop or by clicking the Stop button on the toolbar. In both alternatives, the Stop button on the toolbar will be inactivated and the Start Recording button activated. All the ongoing calls will be stopped and scanning will be terminated (Frequency Scan mode). Data transfers will be stopped, PDP context will be deactivated, and GPRS detach will be performed. Nemo Outdoor will display a report window with some call statistics. At this point, you can choose if you would like to save this file or delete it. You can also start a playback of this file. If you wish to exit Nemo Outdoor, select File | Exit or click the cross in the upper right corner of the Nemo Outdoor main window. Log File PlayBack Playback is a handy tool for doing a quick analysis of measurements. You can playback files anytime and anywhere immediately after the measurement has been finished or later on. When you open a file for playback, Nemo Outdoor will deactivate all connected devices. Nemo Outdoor will ask if you would like to save the current device. If you answer Yes, Nemo Outdoor will save the current configuration and reactivate the devices that you had connected before the playback when you close the playback file(s). Nemo File Format 2. 0 †¢ Support for Nemo file format 2. New redesigned file format. Not backwards compatible with file format 1. 88 Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be post processed with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files cannot be opened with Nemo Outdoor 4. x. The first Nemo Analyze version supporting the n ew file format version 2. 0 will be version 5. 12. The estimated time of release is the end of September 2008. Customers using third-party post-processing tools are kindly requested to contact the thirdparty tool vendor directly for further details. The file extension with all devices is always . nmf (. 1. nmf, . 2. nmf. .n. nmf) Parameter columns separated with comma †,† FAQ I †¢ Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 4. x dongle or software license with the new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No you cannot. You need to upgrade your existing license for the new version. To do this, a valid technical support agreement is required Q: Can I use the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle or software license with the old Nemo Outdoor 4. x version? A:Yes you can, the Nemo Outdoor 5. x dongle is also compatible with the older version of Nemo Outdoor Q: Is it possible to upgrade the dongle remotely to support new Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No it is not. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: Is it possible to upgrade the existing Nemo Outdoor 4. software license to support Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 as well? A: Yes it is. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk for further instructions Q: How can I continue measurements with Nemo Outdoor after the dongle has been sent for an upgrade? A: A temporary software licence which is valid for one month from the issue date can be used. Please contact Nemo Helpdesk f or further instructions Q: I do not have a valid maintenance agreement. Can I still get the upgrade free of charge? A: No, only customers having valid maintenance agreement are entitled to the free upgrade. Please contact Nemo sales (Nemo. [emailprotected] com) further details. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ FAQ II †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Q: What does it cost? A: You only need to cover the delivery costs to the closest Anite/Nemo office. There will be no other costs for the customers with a valid maintenance agreement Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista, can I still perform video streaming quality measurements? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: If I upgrade my operating system to Vista can I still do IP packet capturing? A: No, this is not possible at the moment. With XP this is still possible Q: Is it possible to post process Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Analyze 5. 10 or 5. 11? A: No it is not. The required Nemo Analyze version is 5. 2, available in September 2008 Q: Can I playback Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 log files with Nemo Outdoor 4. x? A: No, this is not possible. Nemo Outdoor 5. 0 must be used for this purpose Q: I am using a third-party post processing tool. Who I should contact to get more information on the new file format support? A: Please contact the po st-processing tool vendor directly Q: Is it possible to have both Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. x installed on the same computer? A: No, it is not possible. Only one of them can run on a computer at a time Q: Are script files compatible between Nemo Outdoor 4. x and Nemo Outdoor 5. 0? A: No, they are not. New script files must be created Technical Support Americas Tel. 1 469 951 9105 +1 469 774 4608 (En espanol e portugues) +1 972 929 9898 Global (Except Americas) Tel. + 358 50 395 7800 Fax. + 358 8 551 6182 Address: Anite Finland Ltd, Sepankatu 20, 90100 Oulu, Finland Singapore Tel. Fax. +65 6254 9003 +65 6254 9885 Fax. Address: Anite Telecoms Inc. 6225 N Hwy 161, Suite 425, Irving, TX 75038, USA China Tel. Fax. +86 106 567 8528 +86 106 567 8521 Address: China Office Room 2206, 22nd Floor, The Exchange Beijing, No. Yi 118, Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China Address: Anite Singapore Pte. Ltd. 101 Thomson Road, #20-05, United Square Singapore 307591 Email: nemo. [emailprotected] com Internet: www. anite. com/nemo THANK YOU Jasen. [emailprotected] com

Research Paper Topics

Research Paper Topics Research Paper Topics Research Paper Topics If you are assigned to write a research paper you should first define a research paper topic. You may investigate different spheres such as humanity, social science, history etc. Research paper in sciences generally involves recognizing a scientific problem to be solved, setting up an experiment design to yield useful data, and interpreting the data in the context of scientific knowledge. While writing research paper, you should use library resources, they help you to understand what is known about a given phenomenon, what experiment or project were already done on the chosen subject in science. You should read large volume of scientific literature before research paper writing. However, you will notice that there is wealth of resources which are not relevant to your research paper topic.   You should avoid using them as well as set yourself apart from unreliable article.   From this perspective, articles from peer-reviewed journals are the most appropriate.   While writing res earch paper and looking for scientific materials, you should choose search terms carefully, work from the most recent publications to earlier ones, sorting out schools of thought. Reading a scientific literature helps you to find out the most important and relevant information for your research paper topic. Consult a librarian to determine which resources are the best for your research and whether they are available. Research Paper Topics Tips While writing research paper for humanities class, you have to interpret a text or a work of art within a historical and cultural context, make connections, explore the attached meaning, and uncover contradictions. While writing a research paper, resources are collected for the three purposes:  to obtain primary information to be interpreted or analyzed, to find secondary sources to put primary sources in a critical context, to seek answers to specific questions that arise during research. Writing research paper is often interdisciplinary, crossing boundaries between literature and history, philosophy and art, or music and religion. Because the subject areas are hard to categorize, the terminology used in humanities research may be less solid and agreed upon than in other fields. Researchers in the humanities are more likely to draw material from texts and artifacts than from original data gathering and experimentation. They must be prepared to be flexible, both in search terminolo gy and in search strategy writing research paper, tolerant of multiple perspectives on the same object of study, prepared to use citations from relevant texts to locate other material and clarify connections among works, willing to return to the library as new questions arise. Research paper format is usually specified by the tutor and can be very different, however, the basic components should be preserved:   introduction, research hypothesis, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, analysis, recommendation, and conclusion. Custom Written Research Papers Looking for help with research paper writing?   writers are here to help you with any stage of research paper writing.   We are experienced and dedicated to your academic requirements.   Every custom written research paper we deliver is accompanied with free plagiarism report and bibliography list.

Abigail Adams Chapter Guide

It explains why she is so focused on her family and John later in her life. It also explains her penname â€Å"Diana† and her love for literature and being involved in politics, after being taught to read at a young age. Chapter 2: John * Abigail and John were married on October 25, 1764. The maim point of this chapter is to show the love developing between John and Abigail. The way they were not attracted to each other at first explains why they work together so well. They have different views on things so they balance each other out. Their love for each other also sets up their depression during their separation later in their lives. Chapter 3: Wife and Mother * Abigail and John had six children: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth (stillborn). The main point of this chapter is to show the Adams family growing. Abigail’s deep connection to her kids at such a young age explains her sadness later on in her life when they are no longer with her, especially when her sons begin to leave home with their father to help with his politics and see the world. It also explains her connection to Nabby, since after Susanna and Elizabeth died young; Nabby was the only Adams daughter. Chapter 4: Politics * John elected representative to Massachusetts legislature, then later chosen as a delegate to the Continental Congress. Chapter 5: War Abigail had to raise her kids and deal with the family farm buy herself while John was away in Philadelphia. Chapter 6: Independence * Abigail used her influence over John to fight for women’s’ rights and representation during the drafting of the Constitution. * John was elected commissioner to France. Chapter 7: A Woman’s Sacrifice * While John was away in Europe, Abigail once again had to run her household on her own, which put her into a depression. Chapter 8: The Long Separation * After his commission to France, John was elected minister plenipotentiary which extended his stay in Europe. Chapter 9: Years of Decision * While John was in Europe, Abigail couldn’t decide whether or not to join him, but when he was commissioned to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, she and Nabby decided to go and join him in Europe. * Nabby fell in love with Royall Tyler so the trip was also to see if their love would last. Chapter 10: Europe * Abigail liked London because of the class but disliked Paris because she thought it was dirty and the people were rude. * The servants did less in Europe, so it was more expensive to run a household ,which frustrated Abigail. John was then appointed minister to London by congress. Chapter 11: â€Å"The Ambassadress† * Abigail was overwhelmed by the wealth of the royal court in London. * She and John were not used to the expenses of clothing, servants, and hosting dinners for other dignitaries. This was made even worse by the low salary John was being paid by Congress. Chapter 12: A Homesick American * In London, Abigai l continued to miss American and her easy-going life in the countryside because she felt confined in the city in London. Chapter 13: The Vice President’s Lady * After Europe, Abigail was sure that she wanted her husband to continue his political career. * In March of 1779, John was elected Vice President, so the whole Adams family moved to New York to serve with George and Martha Washington, the new president and first lady. * Once again, like London, Abigail had many social obligations to fulfill as the second lady of the United States. * Congress then moved the capital city to Philadelphia, so once again the Adams family had to move. Chapter 14: An Interlude at Quincy * For John’s second term as Vice President, Abigail spent most of her time back in Braintree running the farm. * After her health scare while moving to Philadelphia, The Adams family didn’t want to risk her getting even more sick. * In 1796, George Washington announced he would not serve a third term as president, which made people speculate that John would succeed him. John would have to run against Thomas Jefferson in order to do so. Chapter 15: Mrs. President * John’s election made Abigail nervous. John was not as widely supported as Washington. * Abigail played a huge role in John’s presidency by expressing her opinions in politics, which was uncommon for a woman of the time. * While living in Philadelphia for John’s presidency, Abigail grew to enjoy the city. Chapter 16: â€Å"The Federal City†: * When John’s political career ended, Abigail returned to Quincy to a busy home full of her family. * Abigail soon set out for Washington, the new capital city, but when John was not reelected, they both returned. Chapter 17: The Matriarch of Peacefield * With both John and Abigail back in Quincy, Abigail took right back to being the matriarch of the house and taking care of her numerous grandchildren. * Abigail enjoyed having her husband always with her, and helping to raise her small grandchildren while in retirement. Chapter 18: The Curtain Falls * On October 28, 1817, Abigail died after falling ill with typhoid fever, at age 73. * Abigail was able to die peacefully with most of her family around her. Abigail Adams Chapter Guide It explains why she is so focused on her family and John later in her life. It also explains her penname â€Å"Diana† and her love for literature and being involved in politics, after being taught to read at a young age. Chapter 2: John * Abigail and John were married on October 25, 1764. The maim point of this chapter is to show the love developing between John and Abigail. The way they were not attracted to each other at first explains why they work together so well. They have different views on things so they balance each other out. Their love for each other also sets up their depression during their separation later in their lives. Chapter 3: Wife and Mother * Abigail and John had six children: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth (stillborn). The main point of this chapter is to show the Adams family growing. Abigail’s deep connection to her kids at such a young age explains her sadness later on in her life when they are no longer with her, especially when her sons begin to leave home with their father to help with his politics and see the world. It also explains her connection to Nabby, since after Susanna and Elizabeth died young; Nabby was the only Adams daughter. Chapter 4: Politics * John elected representative to Massachusetts legislature, then later chosen as a delegate to the Continental Congress. Chapter 5: War Abigail had to raise her kids and deal with the family farm buy herself while John was away in Philadelphia. Chapter 6: Independence * Abigail used her influence over John to fight for women’s’ rights and representation during the drafting of the Constitution. * John was elected commissioner to France. Chapter 7: A Woman’s Sacrifice * While John was away in Europe, Abigail once again had to run her household on her own, which put her into a depression. Chapter 8: The Long Separation * After his commission to France, John was elected minister plenipotentiary which extended his stay in Europe. Chapter 9: Years of Decision * While John was in Europe, Abigail couldn’t decide whether or not to join him, but when he was commissioned to negotiate a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, she and Nabby decided to go and join him in Europe. * Nabby fell in love with Royall Tyler so the trip was also to see if their love would last. Chapter 10: Europe * Abigail liked London because of the class but disliked Paris because she thought it was dirty and the people were rude. * The servants did less in Europe, so it was more expensive to run a household ,which frustrated Abigail. John was then appointed minister to London by congress. Chapter 11: â€Å"The Ambassadress† * Abigail was overwhelmed by the wealth of the royal court in London. * She and John were not used to the expenses of clothing, servants, and hosting dinners for other dignitaries. This was made even worse by the low salary John was being paid by Congress. Chapter 12: A Homesick American * In London, Abigai l continued to miss American and her easy-going life in the countryside because she felt confined in the city in London. Chapter 13: The Vice President’s Lady * After Europe, Abigail was sure that she wanted her husband to continue his political career. * In March of 1779, John was elected Vice President, so the whole Adams family moved to New York to serve with George and Martha Washington, the new president and first lady. * Once again, like London, Abigail had many social obligations to fulfill as the second lady of the United States. * Congress then moved the capital city to Philadelphia, so once again the Adams family had to move. Chapter 14: An Interlude at Quincy * For John’s second term as Vice President, Abigail spent most of her time back in Braintree running the farm. * After her health scare while moving to Philadelphia, The Adams family didn’t want to risk her getting even more sick. * In 1796, George Washington announced he would not serve a third term as president, which made people speculate that John would succeed him. John would have to run against Thomas Jefferson in order to do so. Chapter 15: Mrs. President * John’s election made Abigail nervous. John was not as widely supported as Washington. * Abigail played a huge role in John’s presidency by expressing her opinions in politics, which was uncommon for a woman of the time. * While living in Philadelphia for John’s presidency, Abigail grew to enjoy the city. Chapter 16: â€Å"The Federal City†: * When John’s political career ended, Abigail returned to Quincy to a busy home full of her family. * Abigail soon set out for Washington, the new capital city, but when John was not reelected, they both returned. Chapter 17: The Matriarch of Peacefield * With both John and Abigail back in Quincy, Abigail took right back to being the matriarch of the house and taking care of her numerous grandchildren. * Abigail enjoyed having her husband always with her, and helping to raise her small grandchildren while in retirement. Chapter 18: The Curtain Falls * On October 28, 1817, Abigail died after falling ill with typhoid fever, at age 73. * Abigail was able to die peacefully with most of her family around her.